This research explores the testimonies of mothers who have experienced arguably two of the most extreme state interventions: a custodial sentence and the adoption of a child. Building on studies around maternal imprisonment and maternal rights, the research aims to explore protective factors for this group through a matricentric approach.

Findings are based on interviews with three birth mothers, two Probation Officers, two Social Workers, and five support workers and managers from various third sector agencies supporting women.

Though a small sample size, the findings show consensus among the Mothers and practitioners around the histories of trauma for birth mothers, where the removal of children then constituted a further trauma. Gender-specific approaches and therapeutic support are needed to break this cycle that can otherwise lead to involvement in both criminal and family courts, where poor interagency communication breaks down trust in professionals, acting as a barrier to mothers asking for support. Findings also identified the profound grief and loss experienced by the Mothers, and the hope (and likelihood) of future contact with birth children. Practitioners must think long-term, considering the effect that their words and the inclusion of recorded views of birth family may have on future reconciliatory relationships.

This research calls for a greater understanding of the impact of traumatic experiences on women in the criminal justice system, and for improved support for birth mothers, concluding with recommendations for improvements to both policy and practice.